Is Senġijiet huma mammiferi insettivori Afrikani ta daqs żgħir Dawn jagħmlu parti mill familja Macroscelididae fl ordni
Senġi

Is-Senġijiet huma mammiferi insettivori Afrikani ta' daqs żgħir. Dawn jagħmlu parti mill-familja Macroscelididae, fl-ordni Macroscelidea. L-isem senġi gej minn lingwi Bantu Afrikani).
Senġijiet | |
---|---|
Senġi ta' widnejh tondi | |
Klassifikazzjoni xjentifika | |
Renju: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Klassi: | Mammalia |
Ordni: | Macroscelidea (Butler, 1956) |
Familja: | Macroscelididae (Bonaparte, 1838) |
Rhynchocyon |
Huma mifruxin sew miż-żona subsaħarjana lejn in-nofsinhar tal-Afrika u għalkemm m' huma komuni imkien, kważi tista' issibhom f' kull tip ta' ambjent; mid-deżert tan-Namibja, għall-foresti tal-Afrika ta' isfel. Is-Senġi tal-Afrika ta' Fuq kif jghid l-isem komuni tiegħu huwa l-unika speċi li jgħix fl-ambjent xott tal-pajjiżi fil-Majjistral tal-kontinent Afrikan.
Deskrizzjoni
It-18-il speċi jvarjaw fid-daqs bejn wieħed u ieħor minn 100 millimetru sa ftit aktar minn 300 millimetru u jiżnu minn ftit anqas minn 50 gramma għal ftit aktar minn 700 gramma. Kollha kemm huma jimxu fuq erba' saqajn li huma pjuttost twal għal ġisimhom u għalkemm it-tul ta' mnieħirhom ivarja minn speċi għall-ohra, kollha kapaċi jilwu t-tromba jew il-proboxxidi 'l hemm u 'l hawn waqt it-tfittxija għall-ikel.
Dieta
Il-parti l-kbira tad-dieta tagħhom tikkonsisti minn insetti, dud u brimb li jsibu mal-art qalb il-weraq.
Klassifikazzjoni
Fil-passat is-senġijiet kienu, ikklassifikati fl-ordni flimkien mal- u l-, ikkunsidrati bħala relatati fil-bogħod mal-, miġburin fi grupp flimkien mat-tupaji u meqjusin parti mill-ordni Lagomorpha mal-fniek, liebri u l-piki. Madankollu, evidenzi molekolari reċenti, b' saħħa jissapportjaw is-superordni Afrotheria li jaqqagħad flimkien, it- u t- ma' ċerti ungulati jew mammiferi li xi darba kienu meqjusin ungulati li jinkludu l-iraċi, l-iljunfanti, il-baqar tal-baħar u l-oritteropi, kif ukoll is-senġijiet.
Instabu numru ta' speċijiet fossili, kollha kemm huma mil-kontinent Afrikan. Uħud, bħal , tant kienu simili tal-iraċi li għal bidu kienu identifikati ħażin bħala tali, filwaqt li oħrajn, bħal pereżempju kienu relativament qishom gerriema. Dawn il-forom kienu kollha estinti sal-.
Senġijiet hemm madwar 19-il speċi mqasmin ma' 4 ġeneri u 1 minnhom huwa .
- Ordni Macroscelidea
- Familja Macroscelididae
- Sottofamilja Macroscelidinae
- Ġeneru Elephantulus
- Senġi ta' wiċċu qasir, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus
- Senġi ta' Kap, Elephantulus edwardii
- Senġi ta' saqajħ skuri, Elephantulus fuscipes
- Senġi skur, Elephantulus fuscus
- Senġi tal-buxxveld, Elephantulus intufi
- Senġi tal-blat tal-Lvant, Elephantulus myurus
- Senġi tal-blat tal-Karù, Elephantulus pilicaudus
- Senġi tas-Somalja, Elephantulus revoili
- Senġi tal-Afrika ta' Fuq, Elephantulus rozeti
- Senġi ħamrani, Elephantulus rufescens
- Senġi tal-blat tal-Punent, Elephantulus rupestris
- Ġeneru Macroscelides
- Senġi ta' widnejħ tondi tan-Namib, Macroscelides flavicaudatus
- Senġi ta' widnejħ tondi ta' Etendeka, Macroscelides micus
- Senġi ta' widnejħ tondi tal-Karù, Macroscelides proboscideus
- Ġeneru Petrodromus
- Senġi ta' erbat iswaba, Petrodromus tetradactylus
- Ġeneru Elephantulus
- Sottofamilja Rhynchocyoninae
- Ġeneru Rhynchocyon
- Senġi ta' taħt dahru dehebi, Rhynchocyon chrysopygus
- Senġi ċċangjat, Rhynchocyon cirnei
- Senġi iswed u aħmar, Rhynchocyon petersi
- Senġi ta' wiċċu griż. Rhynchocyon udzungwensis
- Ġeneru Rhynchocyon
- Sottofamilja Macroscelidinae
- Familja Macroscelididae
Referenzi
- Schlitter, Duane A. (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 82-85.
- Murata Y, Nikaido M, Sasaki T, Cao Y, Fukumoto Y, Hasegawa M, Okada N. Afrotherian phylogeny as inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003 Aug;28(2):253-60.
- Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, Johnson WE, Zhang YP, Ryder OA, O'Brien SJ. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature. 2001 Feb 1;409(6820):614-8.
- Tabuce R, Marivaux L, Adaci M, Bensalah M, Hartenberger JL, Mahboubi M, Mebrouk F, Tafforeau P, Jaeger JJ. Early Tertiary mammals from North Africa reinforce the molecular Afrotheria clade. Proc Biol Sci. 2007 May 7;274(1614):1159-66.
- Andanje, S., B. R. Agwanda, G. W. Ngaruiya, R. Amin, and G. B. Rathbun. 2010. Sengi (elephant-shrew) observations from northern coastal Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99:1-8.
- Butler, P. M. 1995. Fossil Macroscelidea. Mammal Review 25:3-14.
- Corbet, G. B., and J. Hanks. 1968. A revision of the elephant-shrews, Family Macroscelididae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 16:47-111.
- Douady, C. J., F. Catzeflis, J. Raman, M. S. Springer, and M. J. Stanhope. 2003. The Sahara as a vicariant agent, and the role of Miocene climatic events, in the diversification of the mammalian order Macroscelidea (elephant shrews). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:8325-8330.
- Dumbacher, J. P., G. B. Rathbun, T. O. Osborne, M. Griffin, and S. J. Eiseb. 2014. A new species of round-eared sengi (genus Macroscelides) from Namibia. Journal of Mammalogy 95:443-454.
- Evans, F.G. 1942. The osteology and relationships of the elephant-shrews (Macrosclididae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 80:85-125.
- FitzGibbon, C. D. 1995. Comparative ecology of two elephant-shrew species in a Kenyan coastal forest. Mammal Review 25:19-30.
- Fourie, L. J., J. S. Du Toit, D. J. Kok, and I. G. Horak. 1995. Arthropod parasites of elephant-shrews, with particular reference to ticks. Mammal Review 25:31-37.
- Grossman, A., and P. A. Holroyd. 2009. Miosengi butleri, gen. et sp. nov., (Marcoscelidea) from the Kalodirr Member, Lothidok Formation, early Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:957-960.
- Hedges, S. B. 2001. Afrotheria: Plate tectonics meets genomics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:1-2.
- Holroyd, P.A. 2010. Macroscelidea. In Sanders, W.J. and Werdelin, L. (eds.), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Horst, C. J. van der. 1946. Some remarks on the biology of reproduction in the female of Elephantulus, the holy animal of set. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 31:181-199.
- Kerley, G.I.H. 1995. The round-eared elephant-shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus) as an omnivore. Mammal Review 25:39-44.
- Lovegrove, B.G., J. Raman, and M.R. Perrin. 2001. Daily torpor in elephant shrews (Macroscelidae: Elephantulus spp.) in response to food deprivation. Journal of Comparitive Physiology Series B 171:11-21.
- Neal, B.R. 1995. The ecology and reproduction of the short-nosed elephant-shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus, in Zimbabwe with a review of the reproductive ecology of the genus Elephantulus. Mammal Review 25:51-60.
- Nicoll, M. E., and G. B. Rathbun. 1990. African Insectivora and Elephant-shrews, an Action Plan for their Conservation [20 MB PDF]. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland.
- Olbricht, G. 2008. Aspects of the reproductive biology of sengis (Macroscelidea) in general and the postnatal development of the short-eared sengi (Macroscelides proboscideus) in particular. Dissertation. University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
- Oxenham, K. H., and M. Perrin. 2009. The spatial organization of the four-toed elephant-shrew (Petrodromus tetradactylus) in Tembe Elephant Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Zoology 44:171-180.
- Perrin, M.R. 1995a. Comparative aspects of the metabolism and thermal biology of elephant-shrews (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review 25:61-78.
- Perrin, M. R. (editor). 1995b. The Biology of Elephant-shrews - A Symposium Held During the 6th International Theriological Congress, Sydney, 5 July 1993. Mammal Review, Vol. 25, No. 1 and 2. 100 pp.
- Patterson, B. 1965. The fossil elephant-shrews (Family Macroscelididae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 133:295-335.
- Rathbun, G. B. 1979. The social structure and ecology of elephant-shrews [21 MB PDF file]. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Suppl. 20:1-77.
- Rathbun, G. B. 2009. Why is there discordant diversity in sengi (Mammalia: Afrotheria: Macroscelidea) taxonomy and ecology? African Journal of Ecology 47:1-13.
- Rathbun, G.B. and S. Kyalo. 2000. Golden-rumped elepant-shrew. Pp 125-129, 340-341 in R.P. Reading and B.J. Miller (eds.). Endangered animals -- conflicting issues. Greeenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut. 388 pp.
- Rovero, F., G. B. Rathbun, A. Perkin, T. Jones, D. O. Ribble, C. Leonard, R. R. Mwakisoma, and N. Doggart. 2008. A new species of giant sengi or elephant-shrew (genus Rhynchocyon) highlights the exceptional biodiversity of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Journal of Zoology 274:126-133
- Sauer, E. G. F. 1973. Zum sozialverhalten der kurzohrigen elefantenspitzmaus, Macroscelides proboscideus. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 38:65-97.
- Schubert, M., C. Schradin, H. G. Rodel, N. Pillay, and D. Ribble. 2009. Male mate guarding in a socially monogamous mammal, the round-eared sengi: on costs and trade-offs. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 64:257-264.
- Seiffert, E. R. 2007. A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7:224:13 pp.
- Smit, H. A., T. J. Robinson, J. Watson, and B. Jansen van Vuuren. 2008. A new species of elephant-shrew (Afrotheria: Macroscelidea: Elephantulus) from South Africa. Journal of Mammalogy 89:1257-1269.
- Spinks, A. C., and M. R. Perrin. 1995. The digestive tract of Macroscelides proboscideus and the effects of diet quality on gut dimensions. South African Journal of Zoology 30:33-36.
- Springer, M. S., M. J. Stanhope, O. Madsen, and W. W. De Jong. 2004. Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:430-438.
- Tripp, H.R.H. 1971. Reproduction in elephant-shrews (Macroscelididae) with special reference to ovulation and implantation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 26:149-159.
- Woodall, P. F. 1995. The male reproductive system and the phylogeny of elephant-shrews (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review 25:87-93.
- Woodall, P. F., and G. J. Currie. 1989. Food consumption, assimilation and rate of food passage in the Cape Rock Elephant Shrew, Elephantulus edwardii (Macroscelidea, Macroscelidinae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 92A:75-79.
Ħoloq esterni
- Vidjo fuq BBC.
- Senġi: Taqsira mill-Fondazzjoni Afrikana tal-Ħajja Selvaġġa u r-Rettili
- L-Akkademja tax-Xjenzi ta' Kalifornja: Senġi
- Speċi ġodda ta' senġi skoperti
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Is Senġijiet huma mammiferi insettivori Afrikani ta daqs zgħir Dawn jagħmlu parti mill familja Macroscelididae fl ordni Macroscelidea L isem senġi gej minn lingwi Bantu Afrikani Senġijiet Senġi ta widnejh tondi Klassifikazzjoni xjentifika Renju Animalia Phylum Chordata Klassi Mammalia Ordni Macroscelidea Butler 1956 Familja Macroscelididae Bonaparte 1838 Rhynchocyon Petrodromus Macroscelides Elephantulus Senġi ta taħt dahru dehebi Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Huma mifruxin sew miz zona subsaħarjana lejn in nofsinhar tal Afrika u għalkemm m huma komuni imkien kwazi tista issibhom f kull tip ta ambjent mid dezert tan Namibja għall foresti tal Afrika ta isfel Is Senġi tal Afrika ta Fuq kif jghid l isem komuni tiegħu huwa l unika speċi li jgħix fl ambjent xott tal pajjizi fil Majjistral tal kontinent Afrikan DeskrizzjoniIt 18 il speċi jvarjaw fid daqs bejn wieħed u ieħor minn 100 millimetru sa ftit aktar minn 300 millimetru u jiznu minn ftit anqas minn 50 gramma għal ftit aktar minn 700 gramma Kollha kemm huma jimxu fuq erba saqajn li huma pjuttost twal għal ġisimhom u għalkemm it tul ta mnieħirhom ivarja minn speċi għall ohra kollha kapaċi jilwu t tromba jew il proboxxidi l hemm u l hawn waqt it tfittxija għall ikel DietaIl parti l kbira tad dieta tagħhom tikkonsisti minn insetti dud u brimb li jsibu mal art qalb il weraq KlassifikazzjoniFil passat is senġijiet kienu ikklassifikati fl ordni flimkien mal u l ikkunsidrati bħala relatati fil bogħod mal miġburin fi grupp flimkien mat tupaji u meqjusin parti mill ordni Lagomorpha mal fniek liebri u l piki Madankollu evidenzi molekolari reċenti b saħħa jissapportjaw is superordni Afrotheria li jaqqagħad flimkien it u t ma ċerti ungulati jew mammiferi li xi darba kienu meqjusin ungulati li jinkludu l iraċi l iljunfanti il baqar tal baħar u l oritteropi kif ukoll is senġijiet Instabu numru ta speċijiet fossili kollha kemm huma mil kontinent Afrikan Uħud bħal tant kienu simili tal iraċi li għal bidu kienu identifikati ħazin bħala tali filwaqt li oħrajn bħal perezempju kienu relativament qishom gerriema Dawn il forom kienu kollha estinti sal Senġijiet hemm madwar 19 il speċi mqasmin ma 4 ġeneri u 1 minnhom huwa Ordni Macroscelidea Familja Macroscelididae Sottofamilja Macroscelidinae Ġeneru Elephantulus Senġi ta wiċċu qasir Elephantulus brachyrhynchus Senġi ta Kap Elephantulus edwardii Senġi ta saqajħ skuri Elephantulus fuscipes Senġi skur Elephantulus fuscus Senġi tal buxxveld Elephantulus intufi Senġi tal blat tal Lvant Elephantulus myurus Senġi tal blat tal Karu Elephantulus pilicaudus Senġi tas Somalja Elephantulus revoili Senġi tal Afrika ta Fuq Elephantulus rozeti Senġi ħamrani Elephantulus rufescens Senġi tal blat tal Punent Elephantulus rupestris Ġeneru Macroscelides Senġi ta widnejħ tondi tan Namib Macroscelides flavicaudatus Senġi ta widnejħ tondi ta Etendeka Macroscelides micus Senġi ta widnejħ tondi tal Karu Macroscelides proboscideus Ġeneru Petrodromus Senġi ta erbat iswaba Petrodromus tetradactylus Sottofamilja Rhynchocyoninae Ġeneru Rhynchocyon Senġi ta taħt dahru dehebi Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Senġi ċċangjat Rhynchocyon cirnei Senġi iswed u aħmar Rhynchocyon petersi Senġi ta wiċċu griz Rhynchocyon udzungwensisReferenziSchlitter Duane A November 16 2005 Wilson D E and Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World 3rd edition Johns Hopkins University Press 82 85 Murata Y Nikaido M Sasaki T Cao Y Fukumoto Y Hasegawa M Okada N Afrotherian phylogeny as inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes Mol Phylogenet Evol 2003 Aug 28 2 253 60 Murphy WJ Eizirik E Johnson WE Zhang YP Ryder OA O Brien SJ Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals Nature 2001 Feb 1 409 6820 614 8 Tabuce R Marivaux L Adaci M Bensalah M Hartenberger JL Mahboubi M Mebrouk F Tafforeau P Jaeger JJ Early Tertiary mammals from North Africa reinforce the molecular Afrotheria clade Proc Biol Sci 2007 May 7 274 1614 1159 66 Andanje S B R Agwanda G W Ngaruiya R Amin and G B Rathbun 2010 Sengi elephant shrew observations from northern coastal Kenya Journal of East African Natural History 99 1 8 Butler P M 1995 Fossil Macroscelidea Mammal Review 25 3 14 Corbet G B and J Hanks 1968 A revision of the elephant shrews Family Macroscelididae Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History Zoology 16 47 111 Douady C J F Catzeflis J Raman M S Springer and M J Stanhope 2003 The Sahara as a vicariant agent and the role of Miocene climatic events in the diversification of the mammalian order Macroscelidea elephant shrews Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100 8325 8330 Dumbacher J P G B Rathbun T O Osborne M Griffin and S J Eiseb 2014 A new species of round eared sengi genus Macroscelides from Namibia Journal of Mammalogy 95 443 454 Evans F G 1942 The osteology and relationships of the elephant shrews Macrosclididae Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 80 85 125 FitzGibbon C D 1995 Comparative ecology of two elephant shrew species in a Kenyan coastal forest Mammal Review 25 19 30 Fourie L J J S Du Toit D J Kok and I G Horak 1995 Arthropod parasites of elephant shrews with particular reference to ticks Mammal Review 25 31 37 Grossman A and P A Holroyd 2009 Miosengi butleri gen et sp nov Marcoscelidea from the Kalodirr Member Lothidok Formation early Miocene of Kenya Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 957 960 Hedges S B 2001 Afrotheria Plate tectonics meets genomics Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98 1 2 Holroyd P A 2010 Macroscelidea In Sanders W J and Werdelin L eds Cenozoic Mammals of Africa University of California Press Berkeley CA USA Horst C J van der 1946 Some remarks on the biology of reproduction in the female of Elephantulus the holy animal of set Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 31 181 199 Kerley G I H 1995 The round eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus as an omnivore Mammal Review 25 39 44 Lovegrove B G J Raman and M R Perrin 2001 Daily torpor in elephant shrews Macroscelidae Elephantulus spp in response to food deprivation Journal of Comparitive Physiology Series B 171 11 21 Neal B R 1995 The ecology and reproduction of the short nosed elephant shrew Elephantulus brachyrhynchus in Zimbabwe with a review of the reproductive ecology of the genus Elephantulus Mammal Review 25 51 60 Nicoll M E and G B Rathbun 1990 African Insectivora and Elephant shrews an Action Plan for their Conservation 20 MB PDF International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN Gland Switzerland Olbricht G 2008 Aspects of the reproductive biology of sengis Macroscelidea in general and the postnatal development of the short eared sengi Macroscelides proboscideus in particular Dissertation University of Duisburg Essen Duisburg Germany Oxenham K H and M Perrin 2009 The spatial organization of the four toed elephant shrew Petrodromus tetradactylus in Tembe Elephant Park KwaZulu Natal South Africa African Zoology 44 171 180 Perrin M R 1995a Comparative aspects of the metabolism and thermal biology of elephant shrews Macroscelidea Mammal Review 25 61 78 Perrin M R editor 1995b The Biology of Elephant shrews A Symposium Held During the 6th International Theriological Congress Sydney 5 July 1993 Mammal Review Vol 25 No 1 and 2 100 pp Patterson B 1965 The fossil elephant shrews Family Macroscelididae Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard 133 295 335 Rathbun G B 1979 The social structure and ecology of elephant shrews 21 MB PDF file Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Suppl 20 1 77 Rathbun G B 2009 Why is there discordant diversity in sengi Mammalia Afrotheria Macroscelidea taxonomy and ecology African Journal of Ecology 47 1 13 Rathbun G B and S Kyalo 2000 Golden rumped elepant shrew Pp 125 129 340 341 in R P Reading and B J Miller eds Endangered animals conflicting issues Greeenwood Press Westport Connecticut 388 pp Rovero F G B Rathbun A Perkin T Jones D O Ribble C Leonard R R Mwakisoma and N Doggart 2008 A new species of giant sengi or elephant shrew genus Rhynchocyon highlights the exceptional biodiversity of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania Journal of Zoology 274 126 133 Sauer E G F 1973 Zum sozialverhalten der kurzohrigen elefantenspitzmaus Macroscelides proboscideus Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 38 65 97 Schubert M C Schradin H G Rodel N Pillay and D Ribble 2009 Male mate guarding in a socially monogamous mammal the round eared sengi on costs and trade offs Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 64 257 264 Seiffert E R 2007 A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic morphological and fossil evidence BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 224 13 pp Smit H A T J Robinson J Watson and B Jansen van Vuuren 2008 A new species of elephant shrew Afrotheria Macroscelidea Elephantulus from South Africa Journal of Mammalogy 89 1257 1269 Spinks A C and M R Perrin 1995 The digestive tract of Macroscelides proboscideus and the effects of diet quality on gut dimensions South African Journal of Zoology 30 33 36 Springer M S M J Stanhope O Madsen and W W De Jong 2004 Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19 430 438 Tripp H R H 1971 Reproduction in elephant shrews Macroscelididae with special reference to ovulation and implantation Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 26 149 159 Woodall P F 1995 The male reproductive system and the phylogeny of elephant shrews Macroscelidea Mammal Review 25 87 93 Woodall P F and G J Currie 1989 Food consumption assimilation and rate of food passage in the Cape Rock Elephant Shrew Elephantulus edwardii Macroscelidea Macroscelidinae Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 92A 75 79 Ħoloq esterniVidjo fuq BBC Senġi Taqsira mill Fondazzjoni Afrikana tal Ħajja Selvaġġa u r Rettili L Akkademja tax Xjenzi ta Kalifornja Senġi Speċi ġodda ta senġi skoperti