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Ir Rinaxximent huwa perjodu fl istorja Ewropea li jimmarka t tranżizzjoni mill Medju Evu għall modernità u li jkopri s s

Rinaxximent

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Rinaxximent
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Ir-Rinaxximent huwa perjodu fl-istorja Ewropea li jimmarka t-tranżizzjoni mill-Medju Evu għall-modernità u li jkopri s-sekli 15 u 16, ikkaratterizzati minn sforz biex jitqanqlu u jiġu superati l-ideat u l-kisbiet tal-antikità klassika. Seħħ wara l-Kriżi tal-Medju Evu Aħħari u kien assoċjat ma' tibdil soċjali kbir. Minbarra l-perjodizzazzjoni standard, proponenti ta' "Rinaxximent twil" isostnu li beda fis-seklu 14 u ntemm fis-seklu 17.

Il-fehma tradizzjonali tiffoka iktar fuq l-aspetti moderni bikrin tar-Rinaxximent u targumenta li kien tbegħid mill-imgħoddi, iżda bosta storiċi llum jiffukaw iktar fuq l-aspetti Medjevali tiegħu u jargumentaw li kien estensjoni tal-Medju Evu. Madankollu, fil-bidu tal-perjodu – ir-Rinaxximent Bikri tas-seklu 15 u l-Proto-Rinaxximent Taljan tal-ħabta tal-1250 jew l-1300 – jirkbu b'konsiderevoli fuq xulxin mal-Medju Evu Aħħari, datat konvenzjonalment għall-ħabta tal-1250-1500, u l-Medju Evu stess kien perjodu twil mimli bidliet gradwali, bħall-epoka moderna; u bħala perjodu ta' tranżizzjoni bejn iż-żewġ perjodi, ir-Rinaxximent għandu similaritajiet mat-tnejn li huma, speċjalment mas-subperjodi aħħarin u bikrin tagħhom.

Il-bażi intellettwali tar-Rinaxximent kienet il-verżjoni tiegħu tal-umaniżmu, li oriġina mill-kunċett Ruman ta' humanitas u l-iskoperta mill-ġdid tal-filosofija Griega klassika, bħal dik ta' Protagora, li qal li "l-bniedem huwa l-kejl ta' kollox". Dan il-ħsieb ġdid ġie manifestat fl-arti, fl-arkitettura, fil-politika, fix-xjenza u fil-letteratura. Eżempji bikrin kienu l-iżvilupp tal-perspettiva fil-pittura biż-żejt u l-għarfien imqanqal ta' kif jiġi prodott il-konkos. Għalkemm l-invenzjoni tat-tipa mobbli tal-metall ħaffet it-tixrid tal-ideat mill-aħħar tas-seklu 15, il-bidliet tar-Rinaxximent ma kinux uniformi madwar l-Ewropa: l-ewwel traċċi feġġew fl-Italja saħansitra fl-aħħar tas-seklu 13, b'mod partikolari l-kitbiet ta' Dante u l-pitturi ta' Giotto.

Bħala moviment kulturali, ir-Rinaxximent kien jinkorpora t-tkattir tal-letteratura Latina u vernakulari, l-ewwel nett permezz tal-apprendiment fis-seklu 14 ibbażat fuq sorsi klassiċi, li l-kontemporanji akkreditaw lil ; l-iżvilupp tal-perspettiva lineari u tekniki oħra li jwasslu għal realtà iktar naturali fil-pittura; u r-riforma edukattiva gradwali iżda mifruxa. Fil-politika, ir-Rinaxximent ikkontribwiet għall-iżvilupp tad-drawwiet u tal-konvenzjonijiet tad-diplomazija, u fix-xjenza għal iktar dipendenza fuq l-osservazzjoni u r-raġunament intuwittiv. Għalkemm fir-Rinaxximent seħħew rivoluzzjonijiet f'bosta oqsma intellettwali u xjentifiċi soċjali, kif ukoll l-introduzzjoni tas-sistema bankarja moderna u l-qasam tal-kontabilità, x'aktarx li huwa magħruf l-iktar għall-iżviluppi artistiċi u l-kontributi tiegħu minn artisti famużi bħal Leonardo da Vinci u Michelangelo, li ispiraw it-terminu "raġel Rinaxximentali".

Ir-Rinaxximent beda f'Firenze, wieħed mill-bosta stati tal-Italja. Ġew proposti diversi teoriji dwar l-oriġini u l-karatteristiċi tiegħu, b'enfasi fuq varjetà ta' fatturi, inkluż il-karatteristiċi soċjali u ċiviċi ta' Firenze ta' dak iż-żmien: l-istruttura politika, il-patrunaġġ tal-familja dominanti, il-Medici, u l-migrazzjoni tal-istudjużi Griegi u tat-testi tagħhom lejn l-Italja wara l-waqgħa ta' Kostantinopli f'idejn it-Torok Ottomani. Ċentri ewlenin oħra kienu Venezja, Genoa, Milan, Ruma matul il-Papat Rinaxximentali, u Napli. Mill-Italja, ir-Rinaxximent infirex mal-Ewropa kollha, l-ewwel lejn l-Ungerija (fis-sekli 14 u 15) u lejn Franza, Spanja, il-Portugall, il-Fjandri, l-artijiet Ġermaniżi, il-Polonja, ir-Renju Unit, l-Irlanda u lil hinn.

Ir-Rinaxximent għandu storjografija twila u kumplessa, u skont ix-xettiċiżmu ġenerali ta' perjodizzazzjonijiet diskreti, kien hemm ħafna dibattiti fost l-istoriċi b'reazzjoni għall-glorifikazzjoni tar-"Rinaxximent" fis-seklu 19 u ta' eroj kulturali individwali bħala "rġiel Rinaxximentali", u ddubitaw dwar l-utilità tar-Rinaxximent bħala terminu u bħala referenza storika. Xi osservaturi ddubitaw jekk ir-Rinaxximent kienx "avvanz" kulturali mill-Medju Evu, u minflok rawh bħala perjodu ta' pessimiżmu u nostalġija għall-antikità klassika, filwaqt li l-istoriċi soċjali u ekonomiċi, speċjalment tal-longue durée, minflok iffukaw fuq il-kontinwità bejn iż-żewġ eri, li huma interkonnessi, kif josserva Panofsky, "minn elf rabta".

It-terminu rinascita ("twelid mill-ġdid") tfaċċa għall-ewwel darba fil-Ħajjiet tal-Artisti ta' Giorgio Vasari (għall-ħabta tal-1550), li nbidel f'"Rinaxximent" fis-snin 30 tas-seklu 19. It-terminu ġie estiż ukoll għal movimenti storiċi u kulturali oħra, bħar-Rinaxximent Karolinġju (is-sekli 8 u 9), ir-Rinaxximent Ottonjan (is-sekli 10 u 11), u r-Rinaxximent tas-seklu 12.

Sorsi ġenerali

  • Burckhardt, Jacob, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860).
  • Cartledge, Bryan (2011). The Will to Survive: A History of Hungary. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1849041126.
  • E. Kovács, Péter (1990). Matthias Corvinus (in Hungarian). Officina Nova. ISBN 9637835490.
  • Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1860640613.
  • Hendrix, Scott E. (2013). "Astrological forecasting and the Turkish menace in the Renaissance Balkans" (PDF). Anthropology. Universitatis Miskolciensis. 13 (2): 57–72. ISSN 1452-7243.
  • Klaniczay, Tibor (1992). "The age of Matthias Corvinus". In Porter, Roy; Teich, Mikuláš (eds.). The Renaissance in National Context. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–179. ISBN 0521369703.
  • Kubinyi, András (2008). Matthias Rex. Balassi Kiadó. ISBN 978-9635067671.
  • Reynolds, L. D.; Wilson, Nigel (1974). Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0199686339. OL 26919731M.
  • Tanner, Marcus (2009). The Raven King: Matthias Corvinus and the Fate of his Lost Library. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300158281.

Iktar qari

  • Cronin, Vincent (1969), The Flowering of the Renaissance, ISBN 0712698841.
  • Cronin, Vincent (1992), The Renaissance, ISBN 0002154110.
  • Campbell, Gordon. The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance. (2003). 862 pp.
  • Davis, Robert C. Renaissance People: Lives that Shaped the Modern Age. (2011). ISBN 978-1606060780.
  • Ergang, Robert (1967), The Renaissance, ISBN 0442023197.
  • Ferguson, Wallace K. (1962), [Europe in Transition, 1300–1500], ISBN 0049400088.
  • Fisher, Celia. Flowers of the Renaissance. (2011). ISBN 978-1606060629.
  • Fletcher, Stella. The Longman Companion to Renaissance Europe, 1390–1530. (2000). 347 pp.
  • Grendler, Paul F., ed. The Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. (2003). 970 pp.
  • Hale, John. The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance. (1994). 648 pp.
  • Hall, Bert S. Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics (2001).
  • Hattaway, Michael, ed. A Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture. (2000). 747 pp.
  • Jensen, De Lamar (1992), Renaissance Europe, ISBN 0395889472.
  • Johnson, Paul. The Renaissance: A Short History. (2000). 197 pp.
  • Keene, Bryan C. Gardens of the Renaissance. (2013). ISBN 978-1606061435.
  • King, Margaret L. Women of the Renaissance (1991).
  • Kristeller, Paul Oskar, and Michael Mooney. Renaissance Thought and its Sources (1979).
  • Nauert, Charles G. Historical Dictionary of the Renaissance. (2004). 541 pp.
  • Patrick, James A., ed. Renaissance and Reformation (5 vol 2007), 1584 pages; comprehensive encyclopedia.
  • Plumb, J.H. The Italian Renaissance (2001).
  • Paoletti, John T. and Gary M. Radke. Art in Renaissance Italy (4th ed. 2011).
  • Potter, G.R. ed. The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 1: The Renaissance, 1493–1520 (1957).
  • Robin, Diana; Larsen, Anne R.; and Levin, Carole, eds. Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England (2007) 459 pp.
  • Rowse, A.L. The Elizabethan Renaissance: The Life of the Society (2000).
  • Ruggiero, Guido. The Renaissance in Italy: A Social and Cultural History of the Rinascimento (Cambridge University Press, 2015). 648 pp.
  • Rundle, David, ed. The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. (1999). 434 pp.
  • Turner, Richard N. Renaissance Florence (2005).
  • Ward, A. The Cambridge Modern History. Vol 1: The Renaissance (1902); older essays by scholars; emphasis on politics.

Storjografija

  • Bouwsma, William J. "The Renaissance and the drama of Western history." American Historical Review (1979): 1–15.
  • Caferro, William. Contesting the Renaissance (2010).
  • Ferguson, Wallace K. "The Interpretation of the Renaissance: Suggestions for a Synthesis." Journal of the History of Ideas (1951): 483–495.
  • Ferguson, Wallace K. "Recent trends in the economic historiography of the Renaissance." Studies in the Renaissance (1960): 7–26.
  • Ferguson, Wallace Klippert. The Renaissance in historical thought (AMS Press, 1981).
  • Grendler, Paul F. "The Future of Sixteenth Century Studies: Renaissance and Reformation Scholarship in the Next Forty Years", Sixteenth Century Journal Spring 2009, Vol. 40 Issue 1, pp. 182.
  • Murray, Stuart A.P. The Library: An Illustrated History. American Library Association, Chicago, 2012.
  • Ruggiero, Guido, ed. A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance. (2002). 561 pp.
  • Starn, Randolph. "A Postmodern Renaissance?" Renaissance Quarterly 2007 60(1): 1–24 in Project MUSE.
  • Summit, Jennifer. "Renaissance Humanism and the Future of the Humanities". Literature Compass (2012) 9#10 pp: 665–678.
  • Trivellato, Francesca. "Renaissance Italy and the Muslim Mediterranean in Recent Historical Work", Journal of Modern History (March 2010), 82#1 pp: 127–155.
  • Woolfson, Jonathan, ed. Palgrave advances in Renaissance historiography (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).

Sorsi primarji

  • Bartlett, Kenneth, ed. The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance: A Sourcebook (2nd ed., 2011).
  • Ross, James Bruce, and Mary M. McLaughlin, eds. The Portable Renaissance Reader (1977).

Referenzi

  1. ^ Hageman, Elizabeth H., in Women and Literature in Britain, 1500-1700, p. 190, 1996, ed. Helen Wilcox, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521467773.
  2. ^ Monfasani, John (2016). Renaissance Humanism, from the Middle Ages to Modern Times. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1351904391.
  3. ^ Boia, Lucian (2004). Forever Young: A Cultural History of Longevity. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861891549.
  4. ^ Diwan, Jaswith. Accounting Concepts & Theories. Londra: Morre. pp. 1–2.
  5. ^ "BBC Science | Learn about Leonardo da Vinci". www.bbc.co.uk. Miġbur 2023-08-16.
  6. ^ "BBC - History - Michelangelo". www.bbc.co.uk (bl-Ingliż). Miġbur 2023-08-16.
  7. ^ Burke, P., The European Renaissance: Centre and Peripheries, 1998.
  8. ^ Strathern, Paul The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance (2003).
  9. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Renaissance", 2008, O.Ed.
  10. ^ Harris, Michael H. History of Libraries in the Western World, Scarecrow Press Incorporate, 1999, p. 69, ISBN 0810837242.
  11. ^ Norwich, John Julius, A Short History of Byzantium, 1997, Knopf, ISBN 0679450882.
  12. ^ Brotton, J., The Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction, OUP, 2006 ISBN 0192801635.
  13. ^ Starn, Randolph (1998). "Renaissance Redux". The American Historical Review. 103 (1): 122–124.
  14. ^ Panofsky, 1969:6.
  15. ^ Murray, P. and Murray, L. (1963) The Art of the Renaissance. Londra: Thames & Hudson (World of Art), p. 9. ISBN 978-0500200087.

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Data tal-pubblikazzjoni: 07 Ġun, 2025 / 18:27

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Ir Rinaxximent huwa perjodu fl istorja Ewropea li jimmarka t tranzizzjoni mill Medju Evu għall modernita u li jkopri s sekli 15 u 16 ikkaratterizzati minn sforz biex jitqanqlu u jiġu superati l ideat u l kisbiet tal antikita klassika Seħħ wara l Krizi tal Medju Evu Aħħari u kien assoċjat ma tibdil soċjali kbir Minbarra l perjodizzazzjoni standard proponenti ta Rinaxximent twil isostnu li beda fis seklu 14 u ntemm fis seklu 17 Il Pieta tal Bazilika ta San Pietru tal Vatikan 1496 Il fehma tradizzjonali tiffoka iktar fuq l aspetti moderni bikrin tar Rinaxximent u targumenta li kien tbegħid mill imgħoddi izda bosta storiċi llum jiffukaw iktar fuq l aspetti Medjevali tiegħu u jargumentaw li kien estensjoni tal Medju Evu Madankollu fil bidu tal perjodu ir Rinaxximent Bikri tas seklu 15 u l Proto Rinaxximent Taljan tal ħabta tal 1250 jew l 1300 jirkbu b konsiderevoli fuq xulxin mal Medju Evu Aħħari datat konvenzjonalment għall ħabta tal 1250 1500 u l Medju Evu stess kien perjodu twil mimli bidliet gradwali bħall epoka moderna u bħala perjodu ta tranzizzjoni bejn iz zewġ perjodi ir Rinaxximent għandu similaritajiet mat tnejn li huma speċjalment mas subperjodi aħħarin u bikrin tagħhom Firenze il post tat twelid tar Rinaxximent Taljan Il perspettiva arkitettonika u s sistema bankarja ġdida u s sistema l ġdida tal kontabilita ġew introdotti matul dak iz zmien Il bazi intellettwali tar Rinaxximent kienet il verzjoni tiegħu tal umanizmu li oriġina mill kunċett Ruman ta humanitas u l iskoperta mill ġdid tal filosofija Griega klassika bħal dik ta Protagora li qal li l bniedem huwa l kejl ta kollox Dan il ħsieb ġdid ġie manifestat fl arti fl arkitettura fil politika fix xjenza u fil letteratura Ezempji bikrin kienu l izvilupp tal perspettiva fil pittura biz zejt u l għarfien imqanqal ta kif jiġi prodott il konkos Għalkemm l invenzjoni tat tipa mobbli tal metall ħaffet it tixrid tal ideat mill aħħar tas seklu 15 il bidliet tar Rinaxximent ma kinux uniformi madwar l Ewropa l ewwel traċċi feġġew fl Italja saħansitra fl aħħar tas seklu 13 b mod partikolari l kitbiet ta Dante u l pitturi ta Giotto Bħala moviment kulturali ir Rinaxximent kien jinkorpora t tkattir tal letteratura Latina u vernakulari l ewwel nett permezz tal apprendiment fis seklu 14 ibbazat fuq sorsi klassiċi li l kontemporanji akkreditaw lil l izvilupp tal perspettiva lineari u tekniki oħra li jwasslu għal realta iktar naturali fil pittura u r riforma edukattiva gradwali izda mifruxa Fil politika ir Rinaxximent ikkontribwiet għall izvilupp tad drawwiet u tal konvenzjonijiet tad diplomazija u fix xjenza għal iktar dipendenza fuq l osservazzjoni u r raġunament intuwittiv Għalkemm fir Rinaxximent seħħew rivoluzzjonijiet f bosta oqsma intellettwali u xjentifiċi soċjali kif ukoll l introduzzjoni tas sistema bankarja moderna u l qasam tal kontabilita x aktarx li huwa magħruf l iktar għall izviluppi artistiċi u l kontributi tiegħu minn artisti famuzi bħal Leonardo da Vinci u Michelangelo li ispiraw it terminu raġel Rinaxximentali L Iskola ta Ateni ta Raffaello Ir Rinaxximent beda f Firenze wieħed mill bosta stati tal Italja Ġew proposti diversi teoriji dwar l oriġini u l karatteristiċi tiegħu b enfasi fuq varjeta ta fatturi inkluz il karatteristiċi soċjali u ċiviċi ta Firenze ta dak iz zmien l istruttura politika il patrunaġġ tal familja dominanti il Medici u l migrazzjoni tal istudjuzi Griegi u tat testi tagħhom lejn l Italja wara l waqgħa ta Kostantinopli f idejn it Torok Ottomani Ċentri ewlenin oħra kienu Venezja Genoa Milan Ruma matul il Papat Rinaxximentali u Napli Mill Italja ir Rinaxximent infirex mal Ewropa kollha l ewwel lejn l Ungerija fis sekli 14 u 15 u lejn Franza Spanja il Portugall il Fjandri l artijiet Ġermanizi il Polonja ir Renju Unit l Irlanda u lil hinn Ir Rinaxximent għandu storjografija twila u kumplessa u skont ix xettiċizmu ġenerali ta perjodizzazzjonijiet diskreti kien hemm ħafna dibattiti fost l istoriċi b reazzjoni għall glorifikazzjoni tar Rinaxximent fis seklu 19 u ta eroj kulturali individwali bħala rġiel Rinaxximentali u ddubitaw dwar l utilita tar Rinaxximent bħala terminu u bħala referenza storika Xi osservaturi ddubitaw jekk ir Rinaxximent kienx avvanz kulturali mill Medju Evu u minflok rawh bħala perjodu ta pessimizmu u nostalġija għall antikita klassika filwaqt li l istoriċi soċjali u ekonomiċi speċjalment tal longue duree minflok iffukaw fuq il kontinwita bejn iz zewġ eri li huma interkonnessi kif josserva Panofsky minn elf rabta It terminu rinascita twelid mill ġdid tfaċċa għall ewwel darba fil Ħajjiet tal Artisti ta Giorgio Vasari għall ħabta tal 1550 li nbidel f Rinaxximent fis snin 30 tas seklu 19 It terminu ġie estiz ukoll għal movimenti storiċi u kulturali oħra bħar Rinaxximent Karolinġju is sekli 8 u 9 ir Rinaxximent Ottonjan is sekli 10 u 11 u r Rinaxximent tas seklu 12 Sorsi ġeneraliBurckhardt Jacob The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 1860 Cartledge Bryan 2011 The Will to Survive A History of Hungary C Hurst amp Co ISBN 978 1849041126 E Kovacs Peter 1990 Matthias Corvinus in Hungarian Officina Nova ISBN 9637835490 Engel Pal 2001 The Realm of St Stephen A History of Medieval Hungary 895 1526 I B Tauris Publishers ISBN 1860640613 Hendrix Scott E 2013 Astrological forecasting and the Turkish menace in the Renaissance Balkans PDF Anthropology Universitatis Miskolciensis 13 2 57 72 ISSN 1452 7243 Klaniczay Tibor 1992 The age of Matthias Corvinus In Porter Roy Teich Mikulas eds The Renaissance in National Context Cambridge University Press pp 164 179 ISBN 0521369703 Kubinyi Andras 2008 Matthias Rex Balassi Kiado ISBN 978 9635067671 Reynolds L D Wilson Nigel 1974 Scribes and Scholars A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature Oxford Clarendon Press ISBN 978 0199686339 OL 26919731M Tanner Marcus 2009 The Raven King Matthias Corvinus and the Fate of his Lost Library Yale University Press ISBN 978 0300158281 Iktar qariCronin Vincent 1969 The Flowering of the Renaissance ISBN 0712698841 Cronin Vincent 1992 The Renaissance ISBN 0002154110 Campbell Gordon The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 2003 862 pp Davis Robert C Renaissance People Lives that Shaped the Modern Age 2011 ISBN 978 1606060780 Ergang Robert 1967 The Renaissance ISBN 0442023197 Ferguson Wallace K 1962 Europe in Transition 1300 1500 ISBN 0049400088 Fisher Celia Flowers of the Renaissance 2011 ISBN 978 1606060629 Fletcher Stella The Longman Companion to Renaissance Europe 1390 1530 2000 347 pp Grendler Paul F ed The Renaissance An Encyclopedia for Students 2003 970 pp Hale John The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance 1994 648 pp Hall Bert S Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe Gunpowder Technology and Tactics 2001 Hattaway Michael ed A Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture 2000 747 pp Jensen De Lamar 1992 Renaissance Europe ISBN 0395889472 Johnson Paul The Renaissance A Short History 2000 197 pp Keene Bryan C Gardens of the Renaissance 2013 ISBN 978 1606061435 King Margaret L Women of the Renaissance 1991 Kristeller Paul Oskar and Michael Mooney Renaissance Thought and its Sources 1979 Nauert Charles G Historical Dictionary of the Renaissance 2004 541 pp Patrick James A ed Renaissance and Reformation 5 vol 2007 1584 pages comprehensive encyclopedia Plumb J H The Italian Renaissance 2001 Paoletti John T and Gary M Radke Art in Renaissance Italy 4th ed 2011 Potter G R ed The New Cambridge Modern History Volume 1 The Renaissance 1493 1520 1957 Robin Diana Larsen Anne R and Levin Carole eds Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance Italy France and England 2007 459 pp Rowse A L The Elizabethan Renaissance The Life of the Society 2000 Ruggiero Guido The Renaissance in Italy A Social and Cultural History of the Rinascimento Cambridge University Press 2015 648 pp Rundle David ed The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of the Renaissance 1999 434 pp Turner Richard N Renaissance Florence 2005 Ward A The Cambridge Modern History Vol 1 The Renaissance 1902 older essays by scholars emphasis on politics StorjografijaBouwsma William J The Renaissance and the drama of Western history American Historical Review 1979 1 15 Caferro William Contesting the Renaissance 2010 Ferguson Wallace K The Interpretation of the Renaissance Suggestions for a Synthesis Journal of the History of Ideas 1951 483 495 Ferguson Wallace K Recent trends in the economic historiography of the Renaissance Studies in the Renaissance 1960 7 26 Ferguson Wallace Klippert The Renaissance in historical thought AMS Press 1981 Grendler Paul F The Future of Sixteenth Century Studies Renaissance and Reformation Scholarship in the Next Forty Years Sixteenth Century Journal Spring 2009 Vol 40 Issue 1 pp 182 Murray Stuart A P The Library An Illustrated History American Library Association Chicago 2012 Ruggiero Guido ed A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance 2002 561 pp Starn Randolph A Postmodern Renaissance Renaissance Quarterly 2007 60 1 1 24 in Project MUSE Summit Jennifer Renaissance Humanism and the Future of the Humanities Literature Compass 2012 9 10 pp 665 678 Trivellato Francesca Renaissance Italy and the Muslim Mediterranean in Recent Historical Work Journal of Modern History March 2010 82 1 pp 127 155 Woolfson Jonathan ed Palgrave advances in Renaissance historiography Palgrave Macmillan 2005 Sorsi primarjiBartlett Kenneth ed The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance A Sourcebook 2nd ed 2011 Ross James Bruce and Mary M McLaughlin eds The Portable Renaissance Reader 1977 Referenzi Hageman Elizabeth H in Women and Literature in Britain 1500 1700 p 190 1996 ed Helen Wilcox Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0521467773 Monfasani John 2016 Renaissance Humanism from the Middle Ages to Modern Times Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1351904391 Boia Lucian 2004 Forever Young A Cultural History of Longevity Reaktion Books ISBN 978 1861891549 Diwan Jaswith Accounting Concepts amp Theories Londra Morre pp 1 2 BBC Science Learn about Leonardo da Vinci www bbc co uk Miġbur 2023 08 16 BBC History Michelangelo www bbc co uk bl Ingliz Miġbur 2023 08 16 Burke P The European Renaissance Centre and Peripheries 1998 Strathern Paul The Medici Godfathers of the Renaissance 2003 Encyclopaedia Britannica Renaissance 2008 O Ed Harris Michael H History of Libraries in the Western World Scarecrow Press Incorporate 1999 p 69 ISBN 0810837242 Norwich John Julius A Short History of Byzantium 1997 Knopf ISBN 0679450882 Brotton J The Renaissance A Very Short Introduction OUP 2006 ISBN 0192801635 Starn Randolph 1998 Renaissance Redux The American Historical Review 103 1 122 124 Panofsky 1969 6 Murray P and Murray L 1963 The Art of the Renaissance Londra Thames amp Hudson World of Art p 9 ISBN 978 0500200087

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